Effect of Long-Term Agricultural Management on the Soil Microbiota Influenced by the Time of Soil Sampling

Application of agrochemicals and mechanization enabled increasing agricultural productivity yet caused various environmental soil health-related problems. Agricultural practices affect microorganisms, which are the key players many ecosystem processes. However, less is known about whether this effect differs between time points. Therefore, was sampled in winter (without crop) summer (in presence maize) from a long-term field experiment (LTE) Bernburg (Germany) managed either under cultivator tillage (CT) or moldboard plow (MP) combination with intensive nitrogen (N)-fertilization pesticides (Int) extensive reduced N-fertilization without fungicides (Ext), respectively. High-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene fungal ITS2 amplicons showed that changes microbial community composition were correlated to differences chemical properties by practice. Microbial communities soils differed only depending on practice while, summer, also strong fertilization intensity observed. A small proportion taxa shared two sampling times, suggesting existence stable core microbiota at LTE. In general, associated organic matter decomposition (such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Rhizopus , Exophiala ) had higher relative abundance CT. Among significant abundances due different putative pathogenic (e.g., Gibellulopsis Gibberella beneficial genera Chitinophagaceae, Ferruginibacter Minimedusa ). summary, study suggests effects management influenced time, needs be kept mind future studies for interpretation data.